In the high-stakes arena of Premier League football, refereeing decisions often have major implications for match outcomes and season trajectories.

NOTTINGHAM, ENGLAND - MAY 20: Referee Anthony Taylor shows a yellow card to Taiwo Awoniyi of Nottingham Forest during the Premier League match between Nottingham Forest and Arsenal FC at City Ground on May 20, 2023 in Nottingham, England. (Photo by Catherine Ivill/Getty Images)
NOTTINGHAM, ENGLAND – MAY 20: Referee Anthony Taylor shows a yellow card to Taiwo Awoniyi of Nottingham Forest during the Premier League match between Nottingham Forest and Arsenal FC at City Ground on May 20, 2023 in Nottingham, England. (Photo by Catherine Ivill/Getty Images)

A recent case in point comes from Arsenal’s 1-0 loss to Nottingham Forest, which ultimately handed Manchester City the Premier League title.

  • Gabriel Jesus and Oleksandr Zinchenko, among others, have seen a significant increase in booking rates after transferring from Manchester City to Arsenal.
  • Ex-Premier League referee Dermot Gallagher believes that Arsenal should’ve been awarded a penalty in the incident that led to Jesus’ booking.
  • This pattern of increased bookings extends to other players like Gael Clichy and Emmanuel Adebayor, raising questions about potential refereeing biases.

Gabriel Jesus, who donned the red and white of Arsenal this season after transferring from Manchester City last summer, was booked by referee Anthony Taylor for protesting what seemed like a clear foul and a penalty.

This was just the latest example of Jesus, along with Oleksandr Zinchenko, another player from Manchester City, seeing an ‘interesting’ shift in booking rates since moving to the London club.

Is there a bias at play?

LONDON, ENGLAND - MAY 14: Gabriel Jesus of Arsenal looks on during the Premier League match between Arsenal FC and Brighton & Hove Albion at Emirates Stadium on May 14, 2023 in London, England. (Photo by Julian Finney/Getty Images)
LONDON, ENGLAND – MAY 14: Gabriel Jesus of Arsenal looks on during the Premier League match between Arsenal FC and Brighton & Hove Albion at Emirates Stadium on May 14, 2023 in London, England. (Photo by Julian Finney/Getty Images)

At Manchester City, Gabriel Jesus was booked every 10.7 games, translating to one yellow card every 649.34 minutes.

Since transferring to Arsenal, Jesus has seen a significant increase in booking rate, receiving a yellow card every 4.5 games, or every 322.4 minutes.

A similar trend is observed with Oleksandr Zinchenko.

LONDON, ENGLAND - MARCH 04: Oleksandr Zinchenko of Arsenal celebrates the team's third goal, scored by teammate Reiss Nelson (not pictured) during the Premier League match between Arsenal FC and AFC Bournemouth at Emirates Stadium on March 04, 2023 in London, England. (Photo by Shaun Botterill/Getty Images)
LONDON, ENGLAND – MARCH 04: Oleksandr Zinchenko of Arsenal celebrates the team’s third goal, scored by teammate Reiss Nelson (not pictured) during the Premier League match between Arsenal FC and AFC Bournemouth at Emirates Stadium on March 04, 2023 in London, England. (Photo by Shaun Botterill/Getty Images)

The Ukrainian international was booked every 1,341 minutes while playing at Manchester City.

Since joining Arsenal, he has been booked every 482.2 minutes.

Zinchenko has collected nearly as many yellow cards in just 33 games at Arsenal (5) as he did over 128 games at Manchester City (7).

Not an isolated incident

Arsenal's French player Gael Clichy gestures after lossig 3-1 their Champions League round of 16, 2nd leg football match FC Barcelona vs Arsenal on March 8, 2011 at Camp Nou stadium in Barcelona. AFP PHOTO / LLUIS GENE
Arsenal’s French player Gael Clichy gestures after lossig 3-1 their Champions League round of 16, 2nd leg football match FC Barcelona vs Arsenal on March 8, 2011 at Camp Nou stadium in Barcelona. AFP PHOTO / LLUIS GENE

It’s not just Jesus and Zinchenko who’ve seen this trend.

Gael Clichy, Emmanuel Adebayor, Samir Nasri, and Kolo Toure—all of whom have worn both the Arsenal and Manchester City shirts—have also seen a shift in booking rates.

MANCHESTER, ENGLAND - SEPTEMBER 12: Emmanuel Adebayor of Manchester City celebrates in front of the Arsenal fans after scoring during the Barclays Premier League match between Manchester City and Arsenal at the City of Manchester Stadium on September 12, 2009 in Manchester, England. (Photo by Shaun Botterill/Getty Images)
(Photo by Shaun Botterill/Getty Images)

Clichy was booked every 13.5 games at City, while at Arsenal he was booked every 6.3 games.

Adebayor went from being booked every 1,634 minutes at City to every 650.4 minutes at Arsenal.

Manchester City's Spanish manager Pep Guardiola talks to Manchester City's French midfielder Samir Nasri (L) on August 28, 2016. (Photo credit should read OLI SCARFF/AFP via Getty Images)
Manchester City’s Spanish manager Pep Guardiola talks to Manchester City’s French midfielder Samir Nasri (L) on August 28, 2016. (Photo credit should read OLI SCARFF/AFP via Getty Images)

Nasri and Toure saw a less drastic change, with Nasri moving from a booking every 7.7 games at City to every 8.3 games at Arsenal, the only player to increase his card count with City, and only marginally.

Toure shifted from a booking every 11.3 games at City to every 9 games at Arsenal.

The Verdict on the Jesus Incident

Arsenal's Brazilian striker Gabriel Jesus (C) shileds the ball from Nottingham Forest's Brazilian defender Felipe (R) during the English Premier League football match between Nottingham Forest and Arsenal at The City Ground in Nottingham, central England, on May 20, 2023. (Photo by DARREN STAPLES/AFP via Getty Images)

Arsenal’s Brazilian striker Gabriel Jesus (C) shileds the ball from Nottingham Forest’s Brazilian defender Felipe (R) during the English Premier League football match between Nottingham Forest and Arsenal at The City Ground in Nottingham, central England, on May 20, 2023. (Photo by DARREN STAPLES/AFP via Getty Images)

To add insult to injury for Arsenal fans, former Premier League referee Dermot Gallagher believes that Arsenal should have had a penalty for the foul on Gabriel Jesus that led to his booking against Nottingham Forest.

Gallagher argues that Joe Worrall’s challenge on Jesus in the penalty area was a foul, and that Jesus’ booking for his protest was an incorrect decision.

“It’s a massive, massive risk. If Worrall gets penalised, he can’t argue,” Gallagher told Sky Sports.

“If it was a penalty, it wouldn’t be a red card because he wasn’t in control of the ball. But I think it is a penalty for Arsenal and Jesus.”

NOTTINGHAM, ENGLAND - MAY 20: Mikel Arteta, Manager of Arsenal, looks on prior to the Premier League match between Nottingham Forest and Arsenal FC at City Ground on May 20, 2023 in Nottingham, England. (Photo by Clive Mason/Getty Images)
NOTTINGHAM, ENGLAND – MAY 20: Mikel Arteta, Manager of Arsenal, looks on prior to the Premier League match between Nottingham Forest and Arsenal FC at City Ground on May 20, 2023 in Nottingham, England. (Photo by Clive Mason/Getty Images)

Ultimately, while the reasons behind these booking rate disparities are uncertain, the numbers raise questions about potential biases or inconsistencies in the refereeing of Premier League matches.

As things stand, the statistics show that players transferring between Manchester City and Arsenal have, on average, been booked more frequently in Arsenal colours in quite a significant way.

The question that remains is why?